The Champlain Valley Campaign
– April 1814
Background:
During the
winter of 1813-1814, with American forces under the command of Major General
James Wilkinson making quarters at French Mills, British Commanders worried
that their lines of communication along the St. Lawrence, could be threatened.
In an
attempt to thwart the assumed American plans, General Prevost recalled Lieutenant
Colonel Charles de Salaberry, who was just about to take on the role as Inspecting
Field Officer of Light Troops, and instructed him to prepare for a possible
American attack along Lake Champlain, during
the upcoming spring.
On the other
side of the border, Wilkinson knew that he might soon be relieved of command
due to the failure of the St. Lawrence campaign from the previous year, and
decided to prepare to mount a successful assault, and regain his
reputation. Having been able to assemble
regulars from positions such as Sackett’s Harbour, Burlington, and Ticonderoga,
and finally managing to convince some militia regiments to cross the border,
Wilkinson moved north from Plattsburgh, through Rouses Point, to take the first
objective, Odelltown. If successful,
Wilkinson was determined to push on, through Lacolle and up the Richelieu, all
the way to Chambly, effectively controlling all of the Champlain valley and be just
a stone’s throw away from the coveted city of Montreal.
When news
reached de Salaberry of the American advance, he sent forces from his
headquarters in Chambly, as well
as from Beauharnois, and Fort Lennox at Ille
aux Noix, to first reinforce the block house at Lacolle mills, and then engage
the Americans at nearby Odelltown.
Knowing that his superiors had often wished to occupy Lake Champlain and
then strike at New York city, essentially cutting America in two, hoping the
Americans would then sue for peace, de Salaberry was given assurances that if
he was able to defeat Wilkinson at Odelltown, would then be given enough men to
continue to advance south all the way to Ticonderoga.
The morning
of April 1st arrived, with the sound of American fife and drum
sounding through the crisp, spring air.
The battle was about to begin…
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